What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? A Comprehensive Overview of Symptoms and Causes

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a long-term disease that causes pain and swelling in the joints. It happens when the body’s immune system attacks healthy joint tissue by mistake. Because of this, joints can become stiff, swollen, and sometimes hard to move. Unlike common arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis can affect both sides of the body at once. For example, both hands or both knees may hurt at the same time. This condition can also affect other parts of the body, such as the eyes, lungs, or heart. According to the CDC, Rheumatoid Arthritis affects about 1% of people worldwide.

Common Symptoms

Early signs of Rheumatoid Arthritis can be mild, but they often get worse over time. However, symptoms may come and go. Some of the most common symptoms include:

Joint pain, especially in the hands, wrists, or knees

Swelling and warmth around the joints

Stiffness, especially in the morning or after resting

Fatigue or feeling very tired

Low-grade fever

Loss of appetite

Sometimes, people also notice small lumps under the skin near joints. These are called rheumatoid nodules.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Still, several factors can raise your risk. For instance, your genes may play a role. If someone in your family has the disease, you may be more likely to get it. Other risk factors include:

Being female (women are more likely to develop it)

Age (most common between ages 30 and 60)

Smoking

Obesity

Exposure to certain infections or chemicals

Even though these factors can increase risk, anyone can develop Rheumatoid Arthritis.

How Rheumatoid Arthritis is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to diagnose Rheumatoid Arthritis. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they check your joints for swelling, redness, or warmth. Blood tests can help find signs of inflammation or certain antibodies linked to the disease. In addition, doctors may order X-rays or ultrasound scans. These tests show if there is joint damage or swelling inside the joints. Early diagnosis is important because starting treatment soon can help prevent joint damage.

Treatment Options

There is no cure for Rheumatoid Arthritis, but many treatments can help manage symptoms. Treatment plans often include:

Medications to reduce pain and swelling (like NSAIDs or steroids)

Disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs) to slow joint damage

Biologic drugs for severe cases

Physical therapy to keep joints flexible

Occupational therapy to help with daily tasks

Surgery, in rare cases, to repair or replace damaged joints

Doctors choose the best treatment based on your symptoms and health needs. For example, some people may need only mild pain relief, while others need stronger medicine.

Lifestyle Tips for Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis

Living with Rheumatoid Arthritis can be challenging, but healthy habits can make a big difference. Here are some tips to help manage daily life:

Stay active with gentle exercises like walking or swimming

Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean protein

Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on joints

Get enough rest and sleep

Use heat or cold packs to ease pain

Practice stress-relief techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation

Join a support group for people living with Rheumatoid Arthritis

With these steps, many people find it easier to manage symptoms and stay active.

Prevention and Early Detection

While you cannot always prevent Rheumatoid Arthritis, you can lower your risk. For instance, quitting smoking and keeping a healthy weight can help. Early detection is key. If you notice joint pain, swelling, or stiffness that lasts more than a few weeks, see a doctor. Starting treatment early can slow the disease and protect your joints. In some regions, access to care may differ, so it is important to seek help as soon as possible.

When to See a Doctor

If you have joint pain, swelling, or stiffness that does not go away, talk to your doctor. Also, if you notice new symptoms or your pain gets worse, seek medical advice. Early treatment can help you feel better and prevent joint damage. Remember, only a doctor can diagnose Rheumatoid Arthritis and suggest the best treatment for you.

For personalized guidance on Rheumatoid Arthritis, consult a specialist at Ortho Planet Clinic, Bangalore.